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2,144 records

Hazai, Samu
Person · entity page
(1851–1942), Hungarian general and minister of defense. Born Samu Kohn in Rimaszombat (now Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia), Samu Hazai (he changed his name in 1876) completed his studies at the Commercial Academy of Budapest …
yivo
Hazaz, Ḥayim
Person · entity page
(1898–1973), Hebrew writer. Ḥayim Hazaz was born in a village in the district of Kiev. Because his father was a logger, Hazaz spent extended periods of his childhood in Ukrainian forests and received some of his Jewish a…
yivo
He-Ḥaluts and Youth Movements
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yivo
He-Ḥaluts in Russia
Subject · entity page
yivo
Health and Healing
Subject · entity page
The approach of the East European Jewish population to health care made no distinction between what would now be considered “scientific” medicine and “folk” medicine. This openness to combining folk remedies and magical …
yivo
Health Care Facilities
Subject · entity page
yivo
Health Care Personnel
Subject · entity page
yivo
Hebrew (Language)
Subject · entity page
Hebrew in Eastern Europe (traditionally called in Hebrew and Yiddish loshn koydesh, “the holy tongue,” or by modernizers loshn ivri, sefas ever, or ivris) was never strictly speaking a vernacular, though Jews lacking a s…
yivo
Hebrew Criticism and Scholarship (Literary Criticism and Scholarship)
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The stirrings of Hebrew literature in Galicia and Lithuania in the first half of the nineteenth century were accompanied by early critical appraisals. In the periodicals Bikure ha-‘itim (The First Fruits of the Times; 18…
yivo
Hebrew Literary Journals (Literary Journals)
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The first Hebrew literary journals appeared in Galicia just when a literary center in that language began to flourish there in the early nineteenth century. The earliest examples were annuals or single publications of li…
yivo
Hebrew Literature
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The tradition of Hebrew belles lettres in Eastern Europe began with anti-Hasidic satires by Galician maskilim in the 1820s and ended with desperate attempts to preserve the remnants of Hebrew literary activity in Poland …
yivo
Hebrew Literature (Children’s Literature)
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Children’s literature began to take form in Hebrew at the end of the eighteenth century, following the Haskalah (Enlightenment) movement in Western Europe. Books and stories for young readers in that language then became…
yivo
Hebrew Poetry (Poetry)
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Hebrew poetry in Eastern Europe emerged in a direct line from works written at the end of the eighteenth century in German Haskalah centers where Hebrew literature had first taken form. Naftali Herts Wessely, the most pr…
yivo
Hebrew Prose (Prose)
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At the beginning of the nineteenth century, shortly after the focal point of maskilic literature had shifted from Central to Eastern Europe, modern Hebrew fiction was invented in Galicia. This unprecedented event sprang …
yivo
Hebrew Theater (Theater)
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Hebrew theatrical activity in Eastern Europe began as part of the larger project of transforming Hebrew into a national language. By the end of the nineteenth century, sporadic attempts had been made in Łódź and Riga to …
yivo
Heder
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(Heb., ḥeder; Yid., kheyder; lit., “room”), the most widely accepted and widespread elementary educational framework among East European Jewry since the Middle Ages. Study in heder was considered an integral part of the …
yivo
Helicz Brothers
Organisation · entity page
The first printers of Hebrew and Yiddish books in Poland (fl. 1530s–1550s). Shemu’el, Asher, and Elyakim were the sons of Ḥayim Helicz. After learning their trade in Prague, the three brothers began printing Hebrew and Y…
yivo
Heller, Aryeh Leib ha-Kohen
Person · entity page
(1745–1813), rabbi and Talmudist. Aryeh Leib ha-Kohen Heller was born in Kałusz, Galicia. Known as the Ketsot ha-Ḥoshen after his famous work, he served as rabbi in Rożniątów and in 1788 was appointed district rabbi in S…
yivo
Heller, Isidor
Person · entity page
(1816–1879), journalist, prose writer, and poet. Born in Mladá Boleslav (Ger., Jungbunzlau), Bohemia, Isidor Heller attended both a yeshiva and a secondary school; he hoped to become a rabbi. In 1832 he left for Prague, …
yivo
Heller, Yom Tov Lipmann
Person · entity page
(1578–1654), Talmudic scholar. Born in Wallerstein, North Swabia, Yom Tov Lipmann Heller was a disciple of Maharal of Prague. A member of the rabbinic court of that city from about 1598 to 1624, Heller held the posts of …
yivo