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2,144 records

Akselrod, Zelik
Person · entity page
(1904–1941), Yiddish poet. Born in Molodechno, Belorussia, Zelik Akselrod was 11 years old when his family found themselves among the Jews expelled by the Russian army from the World War I theater of operation. From Tamb…
yivo
Aksenfeld, Yisroel
Person · entity page
(1787–1866), Yiddish playwright, novelist, and exponent of the Haskalah. Born in Nemirov (Nemyriv), western Ukraine, to an important Hasidic family, Yisroel Aksenfeld was brought up as a Bratslaver Hasid (he was personal…
yivo
Aktion Reinhard
Organisation · entity page
Operation to murder Jews of the Generalgouvernement in Poland. From March to December 1942 nearly two million Jews were murdered, including most Jews of the Generalgouvernement together with approximately 135,000 Jews fr…
yivo
Alba Iulia
Place · entity page
Town in the central western area of Romania, on the Mureş River. Alba Iulia (known in German as Karlsburg; Ladino as Carlisburg; Latin as Alba Carolina [or Apulum in ancient Roman times]; and Hungarian as Gyulafehérvár) …
yivo
Aleksander Hasidic Dynasty
Organisation · entity page
The Aleksander dynasty, the second most important Hasidic dynasty in Poland after Ger, was based in the small town of Aleksandrów Łódzki, near Łódź. The founder of the dynasty was Shraga Feivel of Gritsa (Grójec), who mo…
yivo
Alexander, Bernát
Person · entity page
(1850–1927), philosopher, aesthetician, literary scholar, and educator. Bernát Alexander completed his high school studies at the Royal Catholic Gymnasium in Pest, Hungary, where he befriended József Bánóczi, with whom h…
yivo
Alter, Wiktor
Person · entity page
(1890–1943), leader of the Polish Bund, and of Poland’s Jewish trade union movement. Wiktor Alter was born in Mława to a Hasidic family. His father, a wood merchant, died when Alter was a year old; subsequently, the fami…
yivo
Altman, Moyshe
Person · entity page
(1890–1981), Yiddish writer. Born in the shtetl of Lipkan in Bessarabia, Moyshe Altman received a traditional Jewish education and attended the Russian school in Kamenets Podolski. Thanks to his exceptional memory and di…
yivo
Altneuschul
Subject · entity page
(Old-New Synagogue), the oldest building in Prague’s Jewish Quarter and the oldest preserved synagogue in Europe. Originally called the New or Great Shul, it became known as Altneuschul after the establishment of other s…
yivo
Al’tman, Natan Isaevich
Person · entity page
(1889–1970), artist. From 1914 to 1924, Natan Al’tman was the chief rival of Marc Chagall in the Russian Jewish art renaissance. Born in Vinnitsa (Vinnytsya, Ukr.), he attended art school in Odessa from 1903 to 1907 and …
yivo
America
Place · entity page
The United States of America became home to the largest Jewish community of the Diaspora because one-third of the Jews of Europe emigrated there over the course of the nineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth ce…
yivo
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
Organisation · entity page
The largest nonpolitical organization dedicated to helping Jews in distress all over the world. Generally known as the JDC or “Joint” and headquartered in New York, the organization (until 1931) was called the Joint Dist…
yivo
Amulets and Talismans
Subject · entity page
Items generally worn around the neck or on the wrist, meant to protect or aid those who carried or wore them. The Hebrew word for amulet, kame‘a, is evidently connected to the notion of tying or binding. Jewish amulets a…
yivo
An-ski Ethnographic Expedition and Museum
Subject · entity page
From 1912 to 1914, S. An-ski (Shloyme Zaynvl Rapoport) headed ethnographic expeditions to the Pale of Jewish Settlement. After a limited display of the expeditionary collection in 1914, it was exhibited at the Jewish Mus…
yivo
Angels
Subject · entity page
Jewish tradition considers angels to be messengers of God, but holds that they must not be substituted for God. Isaiah 63:9 speaks of the angel of God’s divine countenance—an important designation in Jewish mysticism tha…
yivo
Anielewicz, Mordekhai
Person · entity page
(1920?–1943), Zionist youth leader and commander of the Jewish Fighting Organization (Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ŻOB) in the Warsaw ghetto. Born in Wyszków, Poland, Mordekhai Anielewicz was initially a member of the Re…
yivo
Anti-Zionist Committee of The Soviet Public
Organisation · entity page
Founded as one of many public groups mobilized to further Soviet policy aims, the Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public (Anti-Sionisticheskii Komitet Sovetskoi Obshchestvennosti; AKSO) was part of a broader program…
yivo
Anticosmopolitan Campaign
Subject · entity page
Euphemism for the victimization of the Jewish intelligentsia in the late Stalin years. The anticosmopolitan campaign did not commence as an anti-Jewish offensive, but rather as a concomitant of the policy of promoting “S…
yivo
Antisemitic Parties and Movements
Subject · entity page
Political groups seeking to limit the role of Jews in Central and East European states and societies emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century against the background of economic crisis, ethnic and political te…
yivo
Antisemitism
Subject · entity page
yivo