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2,144 records

Russia
Subject · entity page
yivo
Russia
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Russian Civil War
Subject · entity page
With the retreat of the German occupying forces at the end of World War I in November 1918, much of the former Russian Empire was plunged into the chaos of another war as several forces sought to consolidate control over…
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Russian Criticism and Scholarship (Literary Criticism and Scholarship)
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One of the salient features of modern literary criticism is the proliferation of schools, approaches, and methodologies. In his cross-cultural survey made in 1961, the eminent scholar of comparative literature René Welle…
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Russian Empire (Russia)
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To understand the complex history of Jews in Russia, one must begin with a fundamental distinction, often effaced in the historiography and popular memory, between Russia as a state—the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, …
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Russian Federation (Russia)
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Following the disintegration of the Soviet Union in late 1991, its 15 component union republics became independent states. By far the largest of these in both size and population was the Russian Federation, which retaine…
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Russian Government Initiatives
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Russian Jewish Congress
Organisation · entity page
Organization created in January 1996 at a founding congress in Moscow with the declared goal of unifying all Jewish organizations in Russia. The charter of the Russian Jewish Congress (Rossiiskii Evreiskii Kongress; REK)…
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Russian Jewish Writing from the Late Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century
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Russian Literature
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Like secular Jewish literature, Russian literature invented itself relatively late. The eighteenth-century aristocrats who sought to create a national literature in Russian faced language problems (they spoke, by prefere…
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Russian Revolution of 1905
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During the Revolution of 1905, or, more accurately, 1904–1907, sizable sectors of the Jewish community in the Russian Empire entered the arena of national politics. The upheaval began in the fall of 1904, when public opi…
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Russian Revolutions of 1917
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In the Russian Empire, the year 1917 brought two revolutions, one that ended hundreds of years of tsarist rule and the other that inaugurated nearly three-quarters of a century of Bolshevik or Communist rule. Almost all …
yivo
Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (Russia)
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The Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR) was the name of the largest member state of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), exceeding all the other states in both size (occupying three-quarters of…
yivo
Russian Theater (Theater)
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Despite early governmental prohibitions against Jewish participation in the theater, the period of the late nineteenth to early twentieth century saw strong and even leading Jewish contributions to all aspects of theatri…
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Ruzhin Hasidic Dynasty
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Established by members of the Friedman family and consisting of several dozen rebbes (admorim), the Ruzhin (Yid., more properly Rizhin) Hasidic dynasty originated in the town of that name in Kiev province, Russia. It con…
yivo
Rybak, Yisakhar Ber
Person · entity page
(1897–1935), painter, graphic artist, and sculptor; active in the Jewish art renaissance in Russia. Yisakhar Ber Rybak was born in Elisavetgrad, Ukraine. He attended art school beginning in 1907 and then studied at the A…
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Rybakov, Anatolii Naumovich
Person · entity page
(1911–1998), novelist and screenwriter. Anatolii Rybakov was born into an educated family Chernigov (Ukr., Chernihiv); the family moved to Moscow when he was eight years old. He attended the local high school and, in his…
yivo
Rzeszów
Place · entity page
(Yid., Rayshe, Reyshe), city in southeastern Poland. Founded in 1354, Rzeszów was a privately owned town until 1845. The first mention of Jews residing there dates from 1550. Rzeszów’s owners supported Jewish settlement,…
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Rákosi, Mátyás
Person · entity page
(1892–1971), Communist leader; prime minister of Hungary. Son of a retail merchant, Mátyás Rákosi pursued his studies at the Eastern Trade Academy in Budapest. In 1910, he joined the Social Democratic Party. Rákosi acqui…
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Rényi, Alfréd
Person · entity page
(1921–1970), mathematician. Alfréd Rényi was born in Budapest. His father, Artúr, was a mechanical engineer and translator; his mother, Barbara (Borka), was a photographer and the daughter of philosopher Bernát Alexander…
yivo