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Chaim Nachman Bialik
(1873–1934), foremost modern Hebrew poet. Ḥayim Naḥman Bialik was born in the village of Radi, near the city of Zhitomir in Ukraine. After his father’s timber business failed, the family moved to Zhitomir when Bialik was…
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Heidenheim, Wolf
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Isaac of Troki
(1533–1594; according to others: 1525–1586), Karaite scholar who was born and lived in the Lithuanian town of Trakai. Yitsḥak ben Avraham wrote several compositions on Karaite ritual law (a collection of responsa on ritu…
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Jiří Langer
(1894–1943), Hebrew and Czech writer. Jiří (Mordekhai Georgo) Langer was born in Prague to an assimilated merchant family. His eldest brother was the well-known Czech writer and playwright František Langer (1888–1965). L…
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Kaufmann, David
(1852–1899), scholar and manuscript collector. Born in Kojetín (Ger., Kojetein) in the Habsburg province of Moravia, one of five children of a rural leaseholder, David Kaufmann attended the town’s Jewish elementary schoo…
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Mussafia, Benjamin ben Immanuel
Spanisch-jüdischer Philologe, Arzt u. Kabbalist; wahrscheinlich in Spanien geboren; lebte u.a. in Hamburg u. Glückstadt; Hausarzt d. dän. Königs Christian IV.; in Amsterdam gestorben.
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PASTERNAK Boris Leonidovich
(1890–1960), poet, prose writer, and translator. Boris Pasternak was raised in a highly cultured Moscow family. His mother Rozaliia (née Kaufman) was a pianist; his father, Leonid Osipovich, was a prominent artist and ar…
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Abraham Mapu
(1808–1867), key figure in the Russian Haskalah movement, and the first Hebrew novelist. Avraham Mapu was born in Slobodka (near Kovno) to a Misnaged family of Torah scholars, and the only formal schooling he received wa…
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Alexander, Isaak
Geb. 17. Aug. 1722 in Regensburg,Gest. 1802 dasStudierte in Heidelberg, seit ca. 1735 Hauslehrer in Regensburg, 1753 von der dortigen neugegründeten Gemeinde als Lehrer, Vorsänger und Schächter angestellt, bildete sich…
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Grunwald, Max
Geb. 10. Okt. 1871 in Zabrze (Hindenburg), Oberschlesien,Gest. 24. Jan. 1953 in Jerusalem.Gymnasium in Gleiwitz (Gliwice), 1889 JTS und Univ. Breslau, 10. Nov. 1892 Promotion in Rostock. 1895 Rb. an der Neuen Dammtor-S…
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Isaac Baer Levinsohn
(1788–1860), thinker and teacher; considered by some as the father of the East European Haskalah. Born in Kremenets, Ukraine, where he received a traditional Jewish education, Yitsḥak Ber Levinzon (Isaac Baer Levinsohn; …
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Isaak Babel
(Isaak Emmanuilovich Babel’; 1894–1940), Soviet Jewish short-story writer and playwright. Isaac Babel was born in Odessa and brought up in the Russified middle-class family of a dealer in agricultural machinery. Odessa w…
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Josef Perl
(1773–1839), educator, writer, and a central figure in the Haskalah. Yosef Perl was born in Tarnopol to a wealthy family. His father, Todros, was a wine merchant and for some time also leased the communal concession for …
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Korczak, Janusz
(1878/79–1942), physician, educator, and writer. Janusz Korczak (originally Henryk Goldszmit) was born in Warsaw to a secular family strongly acculturated into Polish culture and imbued with a tradition of social activis…
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Samuel Agnon
(1888–1970), Hebrew writer; Nobel laureate in literature. Shemu’el Yosef Agnon (formerly Czaczkes) was born in Buczacz, a small town in eastern Galicia, then under Austro-Hungarian rule. He left his hometown permanently …
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Schalom Asch
(1880–1957), Yiddish novelist and playwright. Born in Kutno, Russian Poland, Sholem Asch was the youngest of his Hasidic parents’ 10 children. Traditionally educated and a talented student, he began teaching himself Germ…
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Asulaj, Chaim Joseph David
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Benjamin Netanjahu
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Daniel
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David Frischmann
(1859–1922), Hebrew and Yiddish writer and editor, literary critic, translator, and poet. David Frishman was born to a family of wealthy merchants in Zgierz, near Łódź. When he was two years old, his family moved to Łódź…
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