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826 entity pages

Tobias Wolff
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Tombstones
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East European Jewish tombstones follow the Ashkenazic pattern that was developed in Central Europe from the eleventh to the fourteenth century. Their most typical traits include vertical position (as opposed to Sephardic…
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Toys and Games
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Only sparse information has been gleaned about toys and games enjoyed prior to the mid-nineteenth century. Moreover, in East European memoirs describing childhood in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the hede…
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Trade
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Commercial activity was the mainstay of Jewish economic life in Eastern Europe from the medieval period until the mid-twentieth century. However, its significance went beyond the incomes that it brought to Jewish society…
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Traditional and Instrumental Music (Music)
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By the later sixteenth to early seventeenth centuries in Bohemia and then in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jewish musicians began to form their own guilds. The formation of guilds raised the social status of Jewish…
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Training and Duties
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Transportation
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Jewish entrepreneurs and workers were concerned with various modes of transportation that navigated the great expanses of Eastern Europe began before the advent of the modern era. Widespread activity by Jews in domestic …
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Tribuna
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Russian-language journal produced by the central board of OZET (Society for the Settlement of Jewish Toilers on the Land) between 1927 and 1937 in Moscow. Semen Dimanshtein, its editor in chief (1927–1934, 1936–1937), wa…
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Tseirey Agudas Yisroel
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Male youth movement of Agudas Yisroel. As an Orthodox party, Agudas Yisroel viewed the thousands of young men who devoted years to the study of the Talmud and its commentaries not only as a source of future strength for …
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Tse‘ire Mizraḥi
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Youth movement of the Mizraḥi religious Zionist movement. The movement combined Mizraḥi’s religious Zionist vision with a call for productive labor and for the construction of a new and just society. Tse‘ire Mizraḥi’s so…
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Tsimbl
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The tsimbl (Eng., cimbalom) is an instrument of the dulcimer family, a trapezoidal box with strings in courses of two to six, some of which are divided into fifths by a partitioning bridge. The cimbaloms played by Jews g…
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Turkow Family
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Yiddish actors, theater and film directors, and communal activists. Notable members of the Turkow (Turkov) family included Zygmunt (Zigmunt, Shloyme Zalmen; 1896–1970); Jonas (Yonas; 1898–1988); Mark (Marek; 1904–1983); …
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Ukrainian Literature
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Jewish Ukrainian literary creativity was uncommon: East European Jews generally sought acculturation into powerful imperial societies that had great literary traditions, such as Russia or Germany. Nonetheless, some Jews …
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Under Communist Rule
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Under Russian Rule (1795–1914)
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Verband der Jüdischen Gemeinden Schleswig-Holsteins und der Hansestädte
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Nach dem Vorbild bereits bestehender preußischer Provinzialverbände 1912 in Kiel gegründet, bezweckte der Verband der Jüdischen Gemeinden Schleswig-Holsteins die wirksame Förderung gemeinsamer Interessen der Verbandsgeme…
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Verein selbständiger jüdischer Handwerker und Gewerbetreibender in Groß-Hamburg
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1906 gründeten Handwerker und Gewerbetreibende innerhalb der Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeinde den V., der das unter den Juden wenig verbreitete Handwerk und entsprechende Lehrlingsausbildung fördern wollte.Bei den Wahlen …
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Vereinswesen
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Wie in anderen Großstädten gab es auch in Hamburg ein entfaltetes jüdisches V. Entsprechend dem Anliegen und der sozialen Funktion lässt sich eine Gliederung in traditionelles und neues V. vornehmen, das sich insbesonder…
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Vilna and Zhitomir
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Vilner Trupe
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(Vilna Troupe), celebrated and critically acclaimed Polish Yiddish theater company. Soon after the Germans occupied Vilna in 1915, they lifted tsarist restrictions against staging Yiddish theater. With the support of loc…
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