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826 entity pages
Private Collections
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Privilegien (Altona)
Die Niederlassung von Juden in Altona war zunächst auf die Erteilung eines Partikulargeleits gegründet, das Einzelnen oder kleinen Gruppen ausgestellt wurde. 1612 wurde den Altonaer Juden durch den Grafen von Schauenburg…
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Prochownik, Abraham
Legendary Jewish merchant (the name signifies a gunpowder merchant) who supposedly was declared king of Poland. The story is set in the ninth century, when the legendary king, Piast, ascended to the Polish throne (ca. 86…
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Production
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Professionalization and Nationalization of Jewish Medicine
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Prostitz Family
Printers active in Kraków in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Yitsḥak ben Aharon of Prostitz (Yid., more properly Prostits; d. 1612) was born in Prossnitz (Prostějov) and apparently learned the printing craft in …
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Proverbs
Yiddish speakers had at their disposal a rich repertoire of proverbs. The term proverb (Yid., shprikhvort) in a narrow sense refers to complete sentences of anonymous origin that are used in conversation to comment, ofte…
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Pshiskhe Hasidic Dynasty
Line of Polish rabbinic leaders. The Pshiskhe Hasidic dynasty emerged from the town of Przysucha (Yid., Pshiskhe), which along with Kozienice (Kozhenits) and Lublin became a major center of Polish Hasidism. Pshiskhe was …
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Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud, the originator of psychoanalysis, had deep roots in Eastern Galicia. Freud’s father’s family was from Tyśmenica and Buczacz; his mother was born in Brody and spent her childhood in Odessa, and his wife Mar…
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Public Debate on the Pale
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Purim
A minor Jewish festival observed annually on the fourteenth of the Jewish month of Adar (February or March in the Gregorian calendar), Purim (Pirem in Polish dialects of Yiddish) celebrates the survival of the Jews of Pe…
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Purim-shpil
A skit or monologue performed, usually in the vernacular, in a domestic setting at the festive Purim family meal. The celebration of Purim, the Festival of Lots, is based on the biblical Scroll (Megilah) of Esther, which…
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Pöls
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Rabbinat
Seit dem 13. Jahrhundert beauftragten die europäisch-jüdischen Gemeinden Rabbiner mit der Lehre und Auslegung des Religionsgesetzes. Während im Rahmen der vormodernen Gemeindeautonomie »Oberrabbiner« und deren Assessoren…
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Rabbinic Culture and Institutions
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Race Science
Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century term for physical anthropology, or the study of human difference, with scientists proceeding from the common assumption that Europeans were racially superior to non-European people…
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Razsvet
Title given to four different Russian Jewish periodicals. The first Razsvet (Dawn) was a weekly published in Odessa from May 1860 to May 1861. The journal’s target audience was Russian maskilim, and its goal, in addition…
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Readership
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Reception, Law of
Although the Hungarian parliament emancipated Jews as individuals in 1867 (Act Seventeen), it was only later legislation, Act Forty-Two of 1895, that made Judaism equal to other received religions (religiones receptae). …
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Reconstruction
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