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826 entity pages
Pigs
The prohibition to consume pork is perhaps the most familiar aspect of kashrut, the system of Jewish dietary laws, even though the pig is only one of a number of unclean animals mentioned in the Pentateuch. In Jewish mem…
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Pilgrimage
Throughout their history, East European Jews have participated in three types of pilgrimages: (1) pilgrimages to pray and petition at cemeteries in various localities of Eastern Europe; (2) pilgrimages by Hasidim to visi…
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Pilpul in Eastern Europe
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Pinsker, Simḥah and Lev
Secular Jewish figures active in nineteenth-century Russia. Simḥah Pinsker (1801–1864) was an educator and translator of Karaite documents; his son Lev (often Yehudah Leib or Leon; 1821–1891) was a leader of the Ḥibat Ts…
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Planning and Standardization of Yiddish (Language)
The planning of Yiddish, insofar as both formulation and implementation are concerned, has primarily come from nongovernmental sources (as is also the case with English, German, Italian, and many other languages), except…
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Pogroms
In general usage, a pogrom is an outbreak of mass violence directed against a minority religious, ethnic, or social group; it usually implies central instigation and control, or at minimum the passivity of local authorit…
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Pogroms in the Russian Empire
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Poland
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Poland before 1795 (Poland)
The seventeenth-century Hebrew chronicler Gavri’el ben Yehoshu‘a Schossburg characterized the historical status of the Jewish community in medieval and early modern Poland as “a delight to all the lands of the Exile for …
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Poland from 1795 to 1939 (Poland)
At the conclusion of the Third Partition in 1795, the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were divided among Russia (62% of the area, 45% of the population), Prussia (20% of the land, 23% of the peop…
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Polish Literature
This overview examines Jewish literary creativity in Polish, its historical and artistic roots, and its place in Polish literature. It focuses on those authors who defined themselves as Jewish by exploring Jewish themes:…
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Polish Literature (Children’s Literature)
Children’s literature produced by Polish-Jewish writers targeted two distinct audiences: a Polish readership and a Polish Jewish readership. Texts intended for the Polish audience generally lacked special references to J…
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Polish State Yiddish Theater
State-funded theater established in November 1949 as a result of the merger and nationalization of two Yiddish theater companies based in Wrocław and Łódź. Headed by celebrated actress and stage director Ida Kamińska (Ka…
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Polish Theater (Theater)
Part of the Polish landscape—both real and imagined—for centuries, the figure of the Jew is also rooted in the history of Polish theater. The żydek (little Jew), a figure typically associated with laughter and entertainm…
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POLISH WRITERS
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Political Activity
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Political Affiliation
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Political Antisemitism in Greater Romania
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Politics, Power, Antisemitism
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Popper Family
Merchants and communal leaders in Bohemia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Popper family came from Bresnitz (Břesnice), a commercial junction in southern Bohemia owned by the Kolowrat barons, one of the f…
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