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Modern Antisemitism and Its Memories
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Modern-Era Messianism
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Modernism
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Modernization
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Modifications of the Pale
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Moldova
The Romanian name for the historic region between the Carpathian Mountains and the Dniester River, also known by its Russian name, Moldavia. The principality was divided along the Prut River in 1812, when Russia seized t…
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Money
Money played a central role in the inner life and value system of the Jewish community as well as in its relations with the non-Jewish world. This was the case in part because Jewish status in Eastern Europe was predicat…
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Monuments and Memorials
Jewish tradition marks milestones in the life cycle with domestic commemorative acts and artifacts, including yortsayt candles, tombstones, fast days, and even the pinch of a Sabbath challah as a burnt offering to commem…
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Moravian Exceptionalism: The Political Jewish Community
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Moriah
Hebrew publishing house, founded in 1901–1902 in Odessa. Moriah was established by the poet Ḥayim Naḥman Bialik, Hebrew-Zionist activist Y. H. Ravnitski, writer Simḥah Alter Gutmann (known as S. Ben-Zion), and others in …
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Munkatsh Hasidic Dynasty
Ultraconservative Hungarian Hasidic sect. The spiritual progenitor of Munkatsh Hasidism was Tsevi Elimelekh of Dinov (d. 1841), an outspoken opponent of the Haskalah and prolific author who served briefly as rabbi in Mun…
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Museum Exhibits
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Museums and Exhibitions
The history of Jewish exhibitions, both of ceremonial objects and memorabilia (generally known as Judaica) and of Jewish painting and sculpture, begins in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Essentially a postema…
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Music (Hasidism)
Joy and its expression through song and dance have been important values of the Hasidic movement since its beginnings in the second half of the eighteenth century. The idealization of music reflected an innovation in Jew…
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Music and the Holocaust (Holocaust)
The sufferings of Jews under the Nazi regime were reflected in their music and musical life. Music offered Jews a way to express their humanity in inhuman conditions, to escape from reality and give voice to their yearni…
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Musical Education and Musical Societies
Historically, most Jewish musicians in Eastern Europe came from families involved with music, and received their musical education through individual apprenticeships and other informal channels. The traditional Jewish pr…
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Musical Styles and Composed Music
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Musik
Als synagogale M. wird die liturgische Musik im jüdischen Gottesdienst bezeichnet, die Ausdruck von Religion und Kultur des Judentums ist. Sie begleitet und reflektiert die Entwicklung der jüdischen Gemeinde von einer vo…
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Mysticism and Mystical Literature
In the period between the early thirteenth century and the mid-eighteenth century, East European acquaintance with and creativity related to Jewish mysticism reflected the impact of Jewish mystical traditions that had or…
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Mântuirea
Daily newspaper published in Bucharest in two series: 1919–1922 and 1944–1948. The director and founder of Mântuirea (Redemption) was Abraham Leib Zissu, and its editor in chief was Abraham Feller. The publication was re…
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