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826 entity pages
Komfarband
Short-lived political formation of leftist Jews in the USSR in 1919. As World War I drew to a close in November 1918, the tensions among Jewish socialist parties in Ukraine regarding the Bolshevik revolution and the Sovi…
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Konzentrationslager in Hamburg
Bereits Ende März 1933 wurde provisorisch in einer Torfverwertungsfabrik in Wittmoor das erste Hamburger KZ eingerichtet, in dem fast ausnahmslos Kommunisten inhaftiert wurden. NSDAP-Gauleiter Karl Kaufmann unterstützte …
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Kosov-Vizhnits Hasidic Dynasty
An extensive line of tsadikim of the Hager family, active from the end of the eighteenth century in Galicia, in Bucovina, and especially in Transylvania and Subcarpathian Rus’. Its descendants serve as rebbes to this day…
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Kunst und Kultur
Seit Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts hatten jüdische Künstlerinnen und Künstler an den Aufbruchsbewegungen von Kunst und Kultur maßgeblichen Anteil. Im liberal-pluralistischen Kulturbetrieb der Weimarer Republik waren sie in…
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Kurt Seligmann
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Kuzmir-Modzits Hasidic Dynasty
Line of rabbinic leaders that emphasized the centrality of music and melody. Its founder, Yeḥezkel ben Tsevi Hirsh Taub (1772–1856), was born in Płońsk. He was a disciple of Ya‘akov Yitsḥak Horowitz (the Seer of Lublin),…
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Labor Camps
Installations established by the Nazi regime during World War II for exploiting forced laborers, including Jews. Forced laborers worked in hundreds of camps that were built individually or in clusters, usually situated n…
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Lakhovits-Kobrin-Slonim Hasidic Dynasty
The Lakhovits-Kobrin-Slonim Hasidic dynasties, from Belorussia, trace their origins to the third-generation Hasidic leader Avraham of Kalisk (d. 1810), and more specifically to his opposition to Lubavitch’s aggressive ap…
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Landkentenish
Founded in 1926, Landkentenish (Pol., Krajoznawstwo), the Jewish movement to promote touring the countryside, brought together two disparate ideological strands: the ideal of the French Physiocrats, who extolled agricult…
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Leadership
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Leaseholding
The payment of cash for the use of property or monopoly rights, leaseholding was one of the most important Jewish occupations in Eastern and Central Europe from the Middle Ages. Its importance grew considerably in the ea…
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Legacies of Estate-based Integration
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Legal Institutions
The Jewish courts of Eastern Europe were for centuries a central dimension of autonomous Jewish life in the region: a fully functioning judicial system exercised authority over many aspects of Jewish communal life. The J…
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Leningradskii Evreiskii Al’manakh
Russian-language Jewish samizdat journal published in Leningrad between 1982 and 1989. Leningradskii evreiskii al’manakh (Leningrad Jewish Almanac) was the organ of Leningrad refuseniks (persons denied the right to emigr…
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Leo Hirsch
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Leopold Stein
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Letters and Letter Writing
Throughout East European Jewish history, the letter was an important vehicle of written communication about everyday concerns. Letters were written to serve many practical purposes: to communicate about Jewish law; to re…
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Lev Tov, Seyfer
Ethical work in Yiddish. The Seyfer lev tov (Book of the Good Heart) was first printed in Prague in 1620. Nothing is known about its author, Yitsḥak ben Elyakim of Posen (Poznań). The book has 20 chapters that present ap…
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Libraries and Other Repositories in Eastern Europe
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Libraries and Other Repositories outside of Eastern Europe
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