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826 entity pages

Galitsianer
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Yiddish term for a Jew who lived in Galicia, a territory that existed from 1772 to 1918, as one of the crown lands of the Austrian Empire. In addition to the adjective that defines geographical origin, Galitsianer became…
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Geese
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Every part of the goose was used by East European Jews, for whom rendered goose fat was a staple and feathers an essential component of bedding. In some regions, Jewish women were responsible for most aspects of the rais…
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Gender
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The social and hierarchical construction of the differences between the sexes, gender is also a way of signifying relationships of power. Historically, gender has generally been perceived in binary terms, with masculine …
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General Zionists
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Party affiliated with the World Zionist Organization. When the World Zionist Organization was first established in 1897, it acted as one unified political body, based on the Basel Program that had been adopted at the Fir…
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Gensch Family
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Prominent residents of Tartu (Ger., Dorpat), a town in eastern Estonia. Members of the Gensch family were active in the public and cultural life of the town from the nineteenth century. The father, merchant Barukh Gensch…
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Georg Schwarzenberger (Völkerrechtler)
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Gerichtsbarkeit, jüdische
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Das jüdische Recht umfasst alle juristischen Bereiche. In der frühen Neuzeit wurde die G. in Mitteleuropa jedoch auf Streitfälle, die zwischen Juden auftraten, eingeschränkt. Ausgenommen davon war die peinliche, also Lei…
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German Literature
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Between the Enlightenment and the Shoah, Jews living in Eastern Europe made contributions to German-language literature that by any measure must be considered significant to that tradition. Yet it is difficult to classif…
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Gezkul’t
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(From Yid., Gezelshaft kultur; Culture Society), the All-Ukrainian Society for Promoting the Development of Jewish Culture, an independent organization, Communist in ideology, that worked mainly in Yiddish. Gezkul’t was …
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Gillian Rose
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Gintsburg Family
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Russian Jewish financiers, communal activists, and philanthropists. The three most prominent members of the Gintsburg (sometimes Günzburg or Guenzburg) family were Evzel’ Gavriilovich (1812–1878), Goratsii (Horace) Osipo…
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Globus
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Yiddish literary monthly journal, published between July 1932 and April 1934. Globus was published in Warsaw by Arn Zeitlin, the chair of the Warsaw Yiddish PEN club. In this latter capacity (which he had held since 1930…
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Glückstadt
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Das Privileg vom 3. August 1619, mit dem Christian IV. die sefardischen Kaufleute ( Portugiesisch-Jüdische Gemeinden) aus Hamburg und Amsterdam mit ihren internationalen Handelsbeziehungen nach G. holte, garantierte den …
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Goratsii Gintsburg
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Guilds
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Merchants’ and artisans’ guilds were introduced into Eastern Europe during the thirteenth century by German immigrants. Taking their cue from West European counterparts, members of East European guilds sought to exclude …
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Gumplowicz Family
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Advocates of the Haskalah and then of Polish Jewish assimilation. Abraham Gumplowicz (1803–1876) was a wealthy merchant and politician. His son Ludwik (1838–1909) was a legal historian and sociologist. Abraham’s grandson…
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Gzeyres Takh Vetat
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Acronym referring to the “[Evil] Decrees of 1648–1649.” The Ukrainian lands were part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the first half of the seventeenth century. To the south, Crimea—a region bordering the Black …
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Gérard Blitz (Sportler)
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Hachschara
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H. bezeichnet die Vorbereitung auf die Siedlung in Palästina durch zionistische Organisationen (Hechaluz, Bachad) ( Zionismus) oder die orthodoxe Aguda-Jugend. Diese bildeten ihre Mitglieder in Landwirtschaft, Handwerk u…
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Hair: His and Hers
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