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826 entity pages

Brik, Liliia Iur’evna and Osip Maksimovich
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Important Soviet cultural figures. Liliia (1891–1978) was active in poetic and artistic circles, while Osip (1888–1945) was a literary theorist and playwright.
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Brivnshtelers
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A brivnshteler (letter-writing manual; Heb., igron) is a collection of formulas for composing letters on topics ranging from business to courtship to family life. In addition to providing templates for composition, the c…
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Brociner Family
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Intellectual family, active in Romanian law, the arts, and the military during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The four Brociner brothers were born in Iaşi into a well-to-do maskilic family of Galician origin; th…
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Brodskii Family
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Prominent Jewish family in the Russian Empire. The Brodskiis originated in Brody, Galicia, with the family name Schor; the name Brodskii was taken by Me’ir (Mark) Schor when he moved to the small town of Zlatopol’ in Kie…
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Bruges
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Buchdruck, hebräischer
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Im 16. Jahrhundert wurden im Heiligen Römischen Reich Deutscher Nation, Frankreich, den Spanischen Niederlanden, Italien und den Niederlanden fast 900 hebräische Bücher gedruckt. Zählt man auch das Osmanische Reich hinzu…
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Budapest
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Bund
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Der Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln, un Rusland (The General Union of Jewish Workers in Lithuania, Poland, and Russia), known simply as the Bund, was founded in Vilna in October 1897 by a small group of J…
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Börries von Münchhausen
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Bühl (Baden)
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Calahora Family
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A family of physicians, pharmacists, community leaders, and Jewish scholars in Poland from the second half of the sixteenth century until the twentieth century. Branches of the Calahora family were also known by the name…
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Calendars
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Jewish calendars (Heb., luḥot; Yid., kalendarn) use rabbinic chronology for determining the year “to the Creation of the World,” and have presented the months and Jewish holidays in remarkably stable form over the centur…
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Cartoons
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Humorous illustrations or cartoons, as a critical visual element of the popular press, appeared in East European Jewish journals relatively late as compared to non-Jewish coterritorial language publications. The small nu…
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Caspar Neumann
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Castro, Familie de
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Die ursprünglich aus Spanien stammende Familie de C. (jüdischer Name: Na[h]mias) gehörte zu den ersten iberischen Neuchristen, die sich Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts in Hamburg niederließen. Wie viele ihrer Vorfahren, die al…
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Category: Geography
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Lokalgeschichtlicher Teil der Enzyklopädie
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Category: Personalities
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Censorship in the Russian Empire (Censorship)
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State censorship of Jewish publications in the Russian Empire began 25 years after Jews became Russian subjects in 1772. From then until 1796, books in Jewish languages were published in Russia (and were imported from ab…
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Censorship in the USSR (Censorship)
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The Provisional Government that succeeded the tsars in March 1917 abolished censorship. However, two days after the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917, they reintroduced censorship and extended it to films, art, an…
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Ceremonial and Decorative Art
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The earliest examples of Ashkenazic Judaica (art used in the service of Jewish ceremony in the home or synagogue) date only to the High Middle Ages. Although texts confirm the existence of some types in prior centuries, …
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