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11,442 entity pages
Vilnius
(Pol., Wilno; Rus., Vilna; Yid., Vilne), capital of the republic of Lithuania. In 1323, Gediminas made Vilnius the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The city became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 15…
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ST. PETERSBURG
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ (в 1914–24 – Петроград, в 1924–91 – Ленинград), город, центр Ленинградской обл. (Российская Федерация). Осн. в 1703 как крепость Санкт-Питербурх. В 1712–20 – столица России, с 1721 – столица Рос. империи.…
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לייפאיה
(Ger., Libau), Baltic port and the second largest city in Latvia. Jews began to arrive in Liepāja in 1795 and numbered more than 10,000 before World War I (for population, see Table 1).
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Almaty
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Białystok
Industrial city in northeastern Poland, Białystok (Rus., Belostok) sits nestled in a heavily wooded area that divides central Poland from Belarus and Lithuania. The town, originally founded in 1320, remained part of the …
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Bratislava
(Ger., Pressburg; Hun., Pozsony; Yid., Preshborg), capital of the Republic of Slovakia. Situated on the Danube River at the crossroad of major highways, Pressburg was a gateway into the Kingdom of Hungary. Until the rise…
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Będzin
BENDZIN, eine Stadt in der Woiwodschaft Katowice (Republik Polen). Vozn. im 13. Jahrhundert. In den 16-18 Jahrhunderten. - in der Krakauer Umgebung. In den Jahren 1795-1807 - als Teil Preußens, 1807-15 - Vel. Herzogtum W…
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Cernăuţi
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Daugavpils
(Rus. and Yid., Dvinsk; Ger., Dünaburg; among Jews, also called Dinaburg), largest town in southeastern Latvia. Daugavpils, founded in the thirteenth century, became a district capital in the nineteenth century. Jews set…
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Dubno
A town on the Ikva River (Pripiat’ basin), Dubno is the district center of Ukraine’s Rivne oblast. From the 1320s, it belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and from 1569 to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. From 17…
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Istanbul
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Jelgava
(Ger., Mitau), city in Latvia; provincial capital of Courland. Founded in the thirteenth century by the Livonian Order of German (Teutonic) Knights, Jelgava, along with the Duchy of Courland, was taken over by the Russia…
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Kaliningrad
(Ger., Königsberg, Rus., Kenigsberg, Pol., Królewiec, Yid., Kenigsberg), former capital of the Prussian province of East Prussia, and today capital of the Russian-administered Kaliningrad District (Kaliningradskaia Oblas…
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Kaunas
City in central Lithuania. Part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795 when it came under Russian rule, Kaunas (Yid., Kovne or Kovna; Pol., Kowno; Rus., Kovno; Ger., Kovne) was occupied by Germany during World …
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Kielce
(Yid., Kielts), city in southeastern Poland. Until the end of the eighteenth century, Kielce belonged to the bishops of Kraków, who forbade Jews to settle there. The partitions of Poland brought the city under Russian ru…
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Konin
City in central Poland about two-thirds of the way on the east–west route from Warsaw to Poznań. The Jews of Konin probably arrived from Poznań and Kalisz (about 50 km due south of Konin) and are first mentioned in a Pol…
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Krasnystaw
KRASNYSTAV, a city (since 1394) in the Lubelskie Voivodeship (Republic of Poland). In the 16-18 centuries. - as part of the Commonwealth. In 1795-1807 - as part of Prussia, in 1807-15 - Vel. Duchy of Warsaw. Since 1815 -…
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Minsk
Capital of the Republic of Belarus since 1991. From the beginning of the fourteenth century, Minsk was part of Lithuania; from the mid-sixteenth century it belonged to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1793, the cit…
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Odesa
Founded in 1794 on land conquered from the Turks on the site of the Black Sea fortress town of Khadzhibei, Odessa received its name the following year. Within a few decades it was already a sizable city and soon commande…
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Opole
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