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164 entity pages
Moscow State Yiddish Theater
Known by the acronym GOSET (Gosudarstvennyi Evreiskii Teatr), the Soviet State Yiddish Theaters were part of a network of state-subsidized theaters in the Soviet Union. At its height in the 1930s, the network included fo…
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About this Article (Hasidism)
To treat the historical rise, beliefs, and practices of the movement known as Hasidism, this entry includes five articles. The first is a historical overview that describes the development of the movement and its geograp…
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About this Article (Humor)
To treat genres of Jewish humor, this entry includes two articles, on oral and literary traditions, respectively. For further discussion, see Badkhonim; Cartoons; Parody; Purim-shpil; and Satire.
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Agudas Yisroel
(Agudat Yisra’el; Aguda[h]; Union of Israel) is a political movement of Orthodox Jewry, founded at a conference in Kattowitz (Upper Silesia; today Katowice, Poland) in May 1912. Subsequently, branches of the movement wer…
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Aktion Reinhard
Operation to murder Jews of the Generalgouvernement in Poland. From March to December 1942 nearly two million Jews were murdered, including most Jews of the Generalgouvernement together with approximately 135,000 Jews fr…
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Aleksander Hasidic Dynasty
The Aleksander dynasty, the second most important Hasidic dynasty in Poland after Ger, was based in the small town of Aleksandrów Łódzki, near Łódź. The founder of the dynasty was Shraga Feivel of Gritsa (Grójec), who mo…
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Allgemeine Rabbinerkonferenz Deutschland
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American Guild of Musical Artists
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American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
The largest nonpolitical organization dedicated to helping Jews in distress all over the world. Generally known as the JDC or “Joint” and headquartered in New York, the organization (until 1931) was called the Joint Dist…
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Amsterdamsche Wisselbank
Die Amsterdamer Wechselbank (ndl: Amsterdamsche Wisselbank) war die erste städtische Wechselbank in Westeuropa.
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Anti-Zionist Committee of The Soviet Public
Founded as one of many public groups mobilized to further Soviet policy aims, the Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public (Anti-Sionisticheskii Komitet Sovetskoi Obshchestvennosti; AKSO) was part of a broader program…
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Apt Hasidic Dynasty
Hasidic dynasty of the Heshel family, originating in the nineteenth century. Its main influence was in Podolia, Bucovina, Moldavia, and Bessarabia. The founder of the Apt dynasty was Avraham Yehoshu‘a Heshel (ca. 1748–18…
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Archiv der Hansestadt Lübeck
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Aḥi’asaf
Hebraist-Zionist publishing house. Aḥi’asaf was founded in Warsaw in 1893 by Hebrew writer and publisher Avraham Leib Shalkovich (known as Ben-Avigdor, who soon left to found the rival publishing house Tushiyah), Eli‘eze…
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Bar Kochba Association
A student organization that played a decisive role in shaping the Zionist movement in the Czech lands before World War I. The history of the group can be traced to 1893, when the Maccabi Association was founded at the Ge…
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Belz Hasidic Dynasty
A Hasidic sect originally located in the town of Belz (Pol., Bełz) in eastern Galicia. The Belz Hasidic Dynasty was founded by Rabbi Shalom Rokeaḥ (1783–1855), a devoted disciple of Ya‘akov Yitsḥak Horowitz, the so-calle…
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Beriḥah
A clandestine, Zionist-organized mass movement of about 250,000 Jews from Eastern and Central Europe following the Holocaust. The goal of Beriḥah (Heb., flight or escape) was to bring the Jews to Palestine. The term refe…
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Berliner Tageblatt
Von 1872 bis 1939 erscheinende überregionale Tageszeitung im Deutschen Reich
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Betar
Hebrew acronym for Berit Yosef Trumpeldor (Joseph Trumpeldor Alliance), a youth movement founded in Riga in 1923 by Aharon Propes. Conceived as a small-scale local organization, during its early years Betar’s ideological…
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Blau-Weiss (Organisation)
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